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Understanding IBAN Numbers

Country code, check digits, BBAN — how an IBAN is built and how the mod-97 check works.

The structure of an IBAN

Every IBAN starts with a 2-letter ISO country code, followed by 2 check digits, then the Basic Bank Account Number (BBAN) — the bank's own account identifier. Total length is fixed per country, from 15 characters in Norway to 34 in some Caribbean nations.

Country-specific lengths

The length is part of the spec. A 'GB' IBAN must be exactly 22 characters; a 'DE' IBAN must be 22 as well; a 'FR' IBAN is 27. Wrong length means wrong country code or a typo — there is no flexibility.

The mod-97 check

Move the first four characters to the end, convert each letter to two digits (A=10..Z=35), and divide the resulting number by 97. The remainder must equal 1. This catches almost every single-digit typo and most two-digit swaps.

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Validate IBANs, SWIFT/BIC codes, US routing numbers, and country-specific bank account formats.

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Frequently asked questions

No. The United States, Canada, Australia, and several Asian countries don't use IBAN — they have their own national formats and rely on SWIFT/BIC for international wires.
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